The Apache: It Takes A Strong Man To Kill A Friend
This is the fourth episode in the series over the Apache Indians in the American Southwest. This episode covers the immediate consequences of the “cutting of the tent” and the murder of Mangas Coloradas by the US Army. Cochise, betrayed and angered by the death of his family, friends, & father-in-law goes on the warpath and punishes any and all White Eyes (and Mexicans) that he encounters. This obviously leads to far-reaching consequences for both the Americans and the Apaches of the American Southwest.
This episode also covers the Mescalero Apache and the death of Manuelito which ultimately leads to the Mescalero’s surrender and their transportation to the ill-fated Bosque Redondo by Kit Carson. The Navajo, swashbuckling Graydon and his duel, the election of President Grant, Joh and Geronimo’s retribution against the famed Indian Killer Lieutenant Cushing, the Board of Indian Commissioners, and so much more play a vital role in the 10 years covered in this episode.
Ultimately, all of this leads to what becomes known as the horrendous Camp Grant Massacre in Arizona which involves an incredible (although quite flawed) American named Oury, the Mexican-American Vecinos led by the Elias Brothers, the O’odham (Papagos), and the leader of the White Mountain Apaches (who was also the once owner of Felix the kidnapped boy) named Eskiminzin.
The cover features an O’odham warrior as he descends on Apache wikiups in Araivapa Canyon during the Camp Grant Massacre during sunrise.
Selected Sources:
The Apache Indians by Frank C Lockwood
Mangas Coloradas: Chief of the Chiricahua Apaches by Edwin R Sweeney
Apache Chronicle: The Story of the People by John Upton Terrell
Once They Moved Like The Wind by David Roberts
From Cochise to Geronimo: The Chiricahua Apaches 1874-1886 by Edwin R Sweeney
Shadows at Dawn: An Apache Massacre and the Violence of History by Karl Jacoby
The Indian Frontier of the American West 1846-1890 by Robert M Utley
A Portal to Paradise by Alden Hayes
The Apache Wars: The Hunt for Geronimo, the Apache Kid, and the Captive Boy Who Started the Longest War in American History by Paul Andrew Hutton
https://www.archaeology.org/issues/250-1703/trenches/5293-trenches-arizona-hopi-montezuma-castle
https://frontierpartisans.com/25352/return-to-apacheria/
An Incident in the Indian Wars: Dr. Whitlock’s and Capt. Graydon’s Fatal Duel at Fort Stanton, 1862 By Virginia Dodier, Presented to the Southeastern New Mexico Historical Society, Carlsbad, 8 September 2003